California has taken its first real swing at enforcing AB5, and the impact is already being felt across the trucking world. State authorities have issued a penalty worth roughly $868,000 against three trucking companies accused of misclassifying drivers — the kind of case everyone in the industry knew would come eventually, but few expected to land this visibly.

For years, the AB5 debate has been hanging over the transport sector like a cloud. Passed in 2019, the law forces companies to use a strict test — the now-famous “ABC test” — to determine whether a worker can be treated as an independent contractor. The rule is particularly tough for trucking fleets, because drivers often work in a way that overlaps directly with a company’s core business. That makes it hard to justify calling them independent.

In this latest case, investigators found that the companies continued using owner-operators as if they were employees, while avoiding the obligations that come with formal employment: health benefits, overtime, paid leave, and everything else that adds to operating costs. For years, this model allowed fleets to stay flexible and control expenses, but AB5 essentially shut the door on that approach inside California.

The fine isn’t huge compared with the numbers usually circulating in the freight economy, but it sends an unmistakable message:
AB5 is no longer a theoretical threat — it’s active law, and it will be enforced.

What comes next is less clear. Some trucking firms may shift toward employee-only fleets, which could raise costs and reduce available capacity. Others might try to restructure their operations outside California or change the way they subcontract freight. There’s also growing concern among shippers: using carriers that violate AB5 could expose them to legal risk, something few supply chain managers want to deal with.

Drivers themselves are split. Some welcome the push toward full employment, hoping for more stability and benefits. Others say they chose the independent model precisely because it gave them freedom — even if that freedom came with financial insecurity.

What everyone agrees on is that this first enforcement wave won’t be the last.
California has just shown it is willing to apply AB5, and the rest of the industry will now have to adjust, one way or another.

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