By Maria Kalamatas — August 27, 2025

YOKOHAMA — August 27, 2025. On a muggy summer afternoon, shoppers in central Yokohama paused as a boxy, knee-high robot hummed past. Its lid blinked with small LED lights, and a faint electronic chime announced its presence. Some people pulled out phones to take photos; others simply watched it glide by.

The little machine — built by a Swiss startup — is now part of a Japanese trial to ease one of the country’s most pressing problems: a shortage of delivery workers.

“We already struggle to fill driver rosters,” admitted Kenji Mori, an executive at a major courier company partnering in the trial. “These robots won’t replace people, but they can cover the short neighborhood runs that nobody wants.”

A problem that won’t go away

Japan’s demographics are unforgiving. With one of the world’s fastest-aging populations, the logistics sector faces an expected shortfall of more than 250,000 drivers by 2030. E-commerce volumes, meanwhile, keep climbing. The mismatch is glaring — and automation, once considered futuristic, is now seen as survival strategy.

Borrowed from Europe, adapted for Japan

The robots, already tested in Switzerland and parts of Germany, are designed for dense urban areas. They carry small parcels or grocery bags, trundle along at walking speed, and rely on a mix of cameras and AI sensors to avoid obstacles. Each compartment is locked, with recipients unlocking their delivery via smartphone.

In Japan, where streets are narrow and customer expectations for speed are famously high, the model seems tailor-made.

Mixed feelings on the street

Not everyone is convinced. Some residents worry about safety or job loss, while others treat the machines with curiosity.

“It looked like a toy, but it moved straight to the house down the block,” said Aiko Tanaka, who runs a café near the test site. “Honestly, if it keeps my online orders from arriving late, I don’t care if a robot brings them.”

Bigger picture

Robotic couriers are being piloted in the U.S., China, and Europe. But Japan’s labor shortage makes the stakes higher. Logistics experts suggest that blending autonomous deliveries with human couriers could keep the system running without breaking under demand.

Outlook

For now, the robots are still novelties, trundling slowly through quiet neighborhoods. But to Japan’s strained courier industry, they represent something bigger: a glimpse of how the “last mile” may look in a country running out of drivers.

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